Internal combustion engine



Feb. 11,1936. K. ANGEL I INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE- Filed Sept. 26, 1932 2 Sheets-Sheet 1 Feb. 11, 1936. ANGEL I 2,030,732

' INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE Filed Sept. 26, 1932 2 Sheets-Sheet? lNVflYfog f -i Patented Feb. 11, 1936 UNITED STATES ATENT OFFICE 3 Claims.

The invention relates to an internal combustion engine, as described in the present specification and illustrated in the accompanying drawings that form part of the same.

The invention consists essentially in distributing and multiplyingthe inlet valves and proportionately reducing their dimensions for automatic operation in respect to the fuel charge and accompanying ingress of air as pointed out in the claims for novelty following a description in detail of the preferred constructional features.

The objects of the invention are to achieve through-scavenging without the necessity of mechanically operating poppet-valves, piston valves, or opposed pistons; to determine the degree of super-charging or pressure-charging by the scavenging pressure, through the closing of the exhaust ports by the piston mechanically 7 connected to the crank shaft in the conventional manner and therefore definitely timed; to prevent the closure of the inlet valves until the pressure in the cylinder has risen to equal that of the scavenging pressure; to attain the desired timearea necessary for scavenging and charging; to use valves of relatively small dimensions and to so decrease their weight as to permit of high rotational engine speeds being attained without building up high inertia forces in the valves; to prevent the overheating of the valves by proper cooling; to standardize the valve sizes as much as possible so that they can be used in a varying number of cylinder bores and therefore facilitate the low cost of their production; and generally to provide a reliable combustion engine simple in operation and efficient for the purposes set forth.

Like numerals of reference indicate corresponding parts in the various figures.

Referring to the drawings, Figure 1 is a fragmentary elevational sectional view of an internal combustion engine.

Figure 2 is a fragmentary cross sectional view on the lines 2-2 in Figure 1.

Figure 3 is a diagrammatic fragmentary elevational sectional view showing the inlet valves applied to an internal combustion engine having a conical head.

Figures 4 and 5 are diagrammatic plan views showing different possible ways of mounting the valve housings at different angles.

Figure 6 is a diagrammatic cross sectional view through the head of an internal combustion engine illustrating a possible way of grouping the valve housings in circles of difierent diameter.

Figure 7 is an enlarged fragmentary sectional view of a modified form of valve.

Figure 8 is a vertical diagrammatic sectional view showing the invention applied to a double acting internal combustion engine.

Referring to the drawings, the numeral l indicates a two stroke engine having the cylin- C der H, the piston l2 and the detachable cylinder head It.

The cylinder head I3 has an injection valve or spark plug opening l4 and the tubular scavenging valve housings l completely surrounded by cooling water contained in the chamber l6.

Each valve housing has a valve seat I! located at its lower end, the valve guide l8 for the non-return valve l9 maintained on its seat I! by the spring and the adjustable stop 2| limiting the lift of said valve IS.

The cylinder head l3 has the annular cover or inlet manifold 22 forming a chamber 23 into which the air or gas is introduced under pressure from a generator through the port 24.

The chamber 23 has the threaded opening 25 adapted to be engaged by a safety valve. The annular cover is sealed against leakage by the gaskets 26 and 21 and has the central well opening 28 communicating with the injector or spark plug opening Hi.

The cylinder II has a belt of exhaust ports 29 located at the lower end of the stroke of the piston 12 and is surrounded by a water jacket 30 communicating through the tube 3| with the chamber l6 of the cylinder head [3.

It will be observed in the drawings that the scavenging or inlet valves [9 are in an open position and the dotted lines and arrows indicate the parallel paths of the scavenging air or gas streams downwards towards the exhaust ports.

In the operation of this invention, at the end of the firing stroke, the piston uncovers the exhaust ports through which the products of combustion escape outbalancing the pressure of the gases contained in the chamber 23 of the annular inlet manifold 22. The difference in pressures, thus created force the non-return valves Hi to open allowing the fresh air or gas mixture to rush in parallel paths uniformly pushing out the balance of the products of combustion thereby allowing only fresh mixture to remain, for as can easily be understood the piston continues to travel and is now travelling upwards on the compression stroke, closing the exhaust ports just as the fresh mixture is about to escape.

Meanwhile, the fresh mixture continues to rush in against the column of gases already in the cylinder until the pressures in the chamber 16 springs 20.

The pushing up of the column of gases by the piston against the incoming air or mixture creates a turbulence which stirs the mixture which once the piston valves are closed, is compressed and ready for the next firing stroke when another cycle starts.

The tension of the springs 20 can be regulated by the nuts 33; as can easily be understood, a number of valves can thus be made to open or close in advance of the others thereby assuring a flow of air or gas mixture proportionally varying in volume with the pressure in the cylinder l I.

Figure 3 illustrates that the valve housings are not limited to cylinders having fiat heads, but can be applied with equal facility to conical heads or any other shaped head, that may occur in an internal combustion engine.

The valve housings may be parallel to the cylinder or may be radially inclined as shown in Figures 3 and 4 in which'the numerals 34 and 35 respectively indicate the parallel housings and the radially inclined housings.

In order to produce rotational motion of the scavenging or charging medium the valve housings may be either inclined tangentially or both radially and tangentially as shown in Figure 5 in which the numerals 36 and 31 respectively indicate thetangentially inclined housings and the radially and tangentially inclined housings.

Figure 6 illustrates that, the valve housings may be arranged in circles of different diameter, or staggered in order to increase the number of valves or to permit of the best location of spark plugs, injection nozzles and safety valves.

' Figure 7 illustrates that the valve stems may be relatively short and not necessarily extend through the cylinder head, thus decreasing the weight of the valves which may be further lightened by boring out the valve stems as indicated Figure 8 indicates a method of applying the invention to a doubleacting two-stroke engine. In this modified form the cylinder is indicated by the numeral 39 and has the central belt of exhaust ports 40 cooperating with both combus- What I claim is:-

1. In an internal combustion engine, a cylinder forming a combustion chamber having a fuel inlet and exhaust ports, a valve block forming a head for said cylinder, and a pressure air chamber capping said head, a safety valve to said air chamber and communicating with said cylinder through said valve block and automatically scavenging said combustion chamber, valves in the communication passages resiliently suspended and susceptible to said air pressure, and a piston operating in said combustion chamber and adapted to expose the exhaust ports for scavenging, thereby relieving the pressure from under the valves to allow passage of the air under pressure from the air chamber to the combustion chamber. j

2. In an internal combustion engine, a cylinder forming a combustion'chamber having a fuel in let and exhaust ports, a valve block forming a head for said cylinder, and a pressure air chamchamber and communicating through passages in annular rows surrounding the fuel inlet with said cylinder through said valve block and automatically scavenging said combustion chamber, valves in the communication passages resiliently suspended and susceptible to said air pressure, and a piston operating in said combustion chamber and adapted to expose the exhaust ports for scavenging, thereby relieving the pressure from under the valves to allow passage of the air under pressure from the air chamber to the combustion chamber. V

3. In an internal combustion engine, a cylinder forming a combustion chamber having a fuel inlet and exhaust ports, a valve block forming a head for said cylinder, and a pressure air chamber capping said head, a safety valve to said air chamber and communicating through passages in annular rows surrounding the fuel inlet with said cylinder said passages being inclined circumferentially through said valve block and automatically scavenging said combustion chamber, valves in the communication passages resiliently suspended and susceptible to said air pressure, and a piston operating in said combustion chamher and adapted to expose the exhaust ports for scavenging, thereby relieving the pressure fromunder the valves to allow passage of the air under pressure from the air chamber to the combustion chamber,

KARL ANGEL.

her capping said head, a safety valve to said air 

